Libcdio.so.0 download

The way this magic works is by defining the old paranoia name to be the libcdio name. By default, only warnings, errors, and fatal errors are printed. However by setting this variable you can get either debug or informational messages, or cause the normal messages that appear to be suppressed.

These are error messages that represent an internal inconsistency in the libcdio library. In the absence of libcdio bugs, these should never appear. Setting a lower or more verbose log level will cause higher-level messages to appear, but not those that are less than the set verbosity level.

Using this, you have complete control of how you want logging to be handled. The example directory contains some simple examples of the use of the libcdio library.

A larger more-complicated example are the cd-drive , cd-info , cd-read , iso-info and iso-info programs in the src directory. A program to show using libiso to list files in a directory of an ISO image. A simple program to list track numbers and logical sector numbers of a Compact Disc using libcdio. You specify the beginning and ending LSN and what mode format to use in the reading. Historically, SCSI referred to a class of hardware devices and device controllers, bus technology and the data cables and protocols which attached to such devices.

If your optical drive understands MMC commands as most do nowadays, this probably gives the most flexibility in control. Unfortunately, on most Operating Systems one may need to do some additional setup, such as install drivers or modules, to allow access in this manner. In particular:. Another problem with the MMC commands related to the variations in standards is the variation in the commands themselves and there are perhaps two or three ways to do many of the basic commands like read a CD frame.

There seems to be a fascination with the number of bytes a command takes in the MMC-specification world. Size matters? Presumably the 6-byte command came first and it was discovered that there was some deficiency causing the longer command. In libcdio where there are two formats we add the suffix in the name, e. Down the line it is hoped that libcdio will have a way to remove a distinction between the various alternative and alternative-size MMC commands.

However much more work is needed. Each way is called an access mode. Historically libcdio only supported a reading kind of access. Currently writing modes are only supported via the MMC command interface.

Under this, one can get exclusive read-write access or non-exclusive read-write access. Each driver can have specific features that can be queried, but there are features that are common to all drivers. These are listed below:. Somethings are done via ioctl and some things via MMC.

On the other hand, the MMC mechanism is more universal. They are just different ways to run the read command. CAM is preferred when possible, especially on newer releases.

However CAM is right now sort of a hybrid and includes some ioctl code. However in order to be able to issue MMC, the current belief is that exclusive access is needed. Probably in a future libcdio , there will be some way to specify which kind of access is desired with the inherent consequences of each.

This contains the headers that are public. This is from cdparanoia. This is also from cdparanoia. Here you will find various small example programs using libcdio which are largely for pedagogical purposes. You might be able to find one that is similar to what you want to do that could be extended.

The initialization routine for each driver sets up the function pointers and allocates memory for the environment. When a particular user-level cdio routine is called e. Because function pointers are used, there can be and is quite a bit of sharing of common routines. Another set of routines that one is likely to find shared amongst drivers are the MMC commands. By putting information into a common structure, we increase the likelihood of being able to have a common routine to perform some sort of function.

The generic CD structure would also be useful in a utility to convert one CD-image format to another. It is the gap detection and jitter correction part without the part dealing with CD-DA reading. This library is intended to give access and manipulate a ISO file image. One part of it is concerned with the the entire ISO file system image, and the other part access routines for manipulating data structures and fields that go into such an image.

In libcdio there are a number of conventions used. If you understand some of these conventions it may facilitate understanding the code a little. For the most part, the visible external libcdio names follow conventions so as not to be confused with other applications or libraries.

If you understand these conventions, there will be little or no chance that the names you use will conflict with libcdio and libiso and vice versa. An enumeration tag. A structure tag. An integer type of some sort. A variable of this ilk one might find being iterated over in for loops or used as the index of an array for example. A Boolean type of some sort. A variable of this ilk one might find being in an if condition for example. A pointer of some sort. A pointer to a pointer of some sort.

There are a some other naming conventions. Thomas Schmitt has made significant contributions to this glossary. Many other programs subsequently support using this format. CUE file is a text file which contains CD format and track layout information, while the. BIN file holds the actual data of each track.

Optical media with capacity of 25 GB as single layer and 50 GB as double layer. See also see "Media models and profiles". Compact Disc. Capacity up to MB.

This commonly referred to as an audio CD and what most people think of when you play a CD as it was the first to use the CD medium.

An extension of the CD audio format contains a limited amount of graphics in subcode channels. Compact Disc Interactive. An extension of the CD format designed around a set-top computer that connects to a TV to provide interactive home entertainment, including digital audio and video, video games, and software applications.

CD-i for video and video music has largely if not totally been superseded by VCDs. The data stored on it can be either in the form of audio, computer or video files. The Yellow Book specifies two types of tracks, Mode 1 and Mode 2. Mode 1 is used for computer data and text and has an extra error correction layer. Mode 2 is for audio and video data and has no extra correction layer.

CD Text is a technology developed by Sony Corporation and Philips Electronics in that allows storing in an audio CD and its tracks information such as artist name, title, songwriter, composer, or arranger. Its specifications were published in an extension to the Yellow Book.

CD-XA defines another way of formatting sectors on a CD-ROM, including headers in the sectors that describe the type audio, video, data and some additional info markers, resolution in case of a video or audio sector, file numbers, etc. Digital Versatile Disc. Capacity up to 4. A method to compensate small amounts of bad spots on media by replacing them out of a pool of reserve blocks and performing address translation.

The necessary checkreading slows down write performance by a factor of 2 or 3. Sequential BD-R can be formatted for defect management too. It serves as base for UDF. Integrated Drive Electronics. It is less expensive than SCSI, but offers slightly less in terms of performance. It serves as base of UDF. There are several specification levels.

In Level 1, file names must be in the 8. Directory names can be no longer than eight characters. There can be no more than eight nested directory levels. Level 2 and 3 specifications allow file names up to 32 characters long. Level 3 allows data file sizes to be 4 GB or larger. File data content is stored in extents, i. A single extent can hold only up to 2 exp 32 - 1 bytes. So files of 4 GB or larger need more than one extent to be stored.

Older operating systems might have trouble with multi-extent files. Logical Block Addressing. The starting sector is and ending sector is , which correlates directly to MSF: to I think it is supposed to be around 1 min or more sectors in length.

For example:. Logical Sector Number. The starting sector is 0 and ending sector is , which correlates to MSF: to Because it starts at 0 rather than as is the case of an LBA it can be represented as an unsigned value. Media Catalog Number. A identification number on an audio CD. Also called a UPC. Another identification number is ISRC. The are subset of the larger SCSI command set.

See also see SCSI. This document generally has a numeric level number appended. MMC classifies media as models, which describe their logical structure, and as profiles, which describe the capabilities of the drive with the particular media. So both are closely related but not identical.

CD allows special sector formats like audio as well as data sectors of bytes. DVD and Blu-ray only record data sectors. Profiles depend on drive type and media state. They are expressed as numbers. It is unfortunate that formatted CD-RW have the same profile number as unformatted ones. Some writer drives show closed sequential media as ROM profile. Sequentially recordable profiles allow multisession in most cases. Special burn programs are needed for writing to them.

Overwriteable profiles allow random read-write access with a granularity of 2 kB or 32 kB. One can hope for having read-write access via the normal POSIX operations lseek , read , write of the operating system. In particular the first track may contain both computer data Yellow Book CD ROM data while the remaining tracks are audio or video data. The media must not have been closed by the previous write session.

They hold a table-of-content with sessions and tracks. Multisession on these media needs help by the recorded data formats. Multisession can be used to add a changeset to an existing ISO filesystem. Typically the add-on session contains a whole new filesystem tree with old and new files.

It also contains the data blocks of the newly introduced or freshly overwritten files. The convention for mounting multisession ISO images is to load the superblock from the start of the first track in the last session as listed in the media table-of-content.

Formatted media are assumed to have a single track starting at block 0. So ISO multisession on formatted media has to overwrite the volume descriptors at block 16 ff. A chain of recognizable sessions can be achieved by starting the first ISO image at block 32 so that its descriptors get not overwritten later.

The specification of this format is not to our knowledge published. Small Computer System Interface. A set of ANSI standard electronic interfaces originally developed at Apple Computer that allow personal computers to communicate with peripheral hardware such as CD-ROM drives, disk drives, printers, etc. Although the original hardware is outdated since years, the SCSI command set nowadays controls most storage devices including all optical disc drives. These documents generally have a numeric level number appended.

A fully readable complete recording that contains one or more tracks of computer data or audio on a CD. An improvement of Video CD 2. Also added was higher video-stream resolution, up to 4 overlay graphics and text OGT sub-channels for user switchable subtitle displaying, closed caption text, and command lists for controlling the SVCD virtual machine.

Compact Disc Table of Contents. The TOC contains a list of sessions and their tracks. For sessions, it records the starting track number and the last track number. For tracks it records starting time block address, size, copy protection, linear audio preemphasis, track format CDDA or data in that order. Several track properties are fixed to equivalents of CD data. A unit of data of a CD. The size of a track can vary; it can occupy the entire contents of the CD.

Overwriteable media have a single logical track, sequential media can have one or more logical tracks which they describe in their TOC. It allows to record long file names and advanced file properties. Although intended as format for data exchange its main importance is with DVD video players.

It is based on the commonly available Compact Disc technology, which allows for low-cost video authoring. A Win32 function, implemented in all Microsoft Windows. It is used for sending commands to devices using defined codes and structures. The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document free in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.

Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does.

But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License.

Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.

Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics. The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.

If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections.

If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text.

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute.

However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies.

Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects. If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed as many as fit reasonably on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than , you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.

If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy directly or through your agents or retailers of that edition to the public. It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it.

In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:. If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant.

These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by or through arrangements made by any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

The author s and publisher s of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version. You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

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You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate. Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections.

You specify the beginning and ending LSN and what mode format to use in the reading. Historically, SCSI referred to a class of hardware devices and device controllers, bus technology and the data cables and protocols which attached to such devices. If your optical drive understands MMC commands as most do nowadays, this probably gives the most flexibility in control. Unfortunately, on most Operating Systems one may need to do some additional setup, such as install drivers or modules, to allow access in this manner.

In particular:. Another problem with the MMC commands related to the variations in standards is the variation in the commands themselves and there are perhaps two or three ways to do many of the basic commands like read a CD frame.

There seems to be a fascination with the number of bytes a command takes in the MMC-specification world. Size matters? Presumably the 6-byte command came first and it was discovered that there was some deficiency causing the longer command. In libcdio where there are two formats we add the suffix in the name, e.

Down the line it is hoped that libcdio will have a way to remove a distinction between the various alternative and alternative-size MMC commands. However much more work is needed. Each way is called an access mode. Historically libcdio only supported a reading kind of access.

Currently writing modes are only supported via the MMC command interface. Under this, one can get exclusive read-write access or non-exclusive read-write access. Each driver can have specific features that can be queried, but there are features that are common to all drivers. These are listed below:. Somethings are done via ioctl and some things via MMC. On the other hand, the MMC mechanism is more universal.

They are just different ways to run the read command. CAM is preferred when possible, especially on newer releases. However CAM is right now sort of a hybrid and includes some ioctl code. However in order to be able to issue MMC, the current belief is that exclusive access is needed. Probably in a future libcdio , there will be some way to specify which kind of access is desired with the inherent consequences of each.

This contains the headers that are public. This is from cdparanoia. This is also from cdparanoia. Here you will find various small example programs using libcdio which are largely for pedagogical purposes.

You might be able to find one that is similar to what you want to do that could be extended. The initialization routine for each driver sets up the function pointers and allocates memory for the environment.

When a particular user-level cdio routine is called e. Because function pointers are used, there can be and is quite a bit of sharing of common routines. Another set of routines that one is likely to find shared amongst drivers are the MMC commands. By putting information into a common structure, we increase the likelihood of being able to have a common routine to perform some sort of function. The generic CD structure would also be useful in a utility to convert one CD-image format to another.

It is the gap detection and jitter correction part without the part dealing with CD-DA reading. This library is intended to give access and manipulate a ISO file image.

One part of it is concerned with the the entire ISO file system image, and the other part access routines for manipulating data structures and fields that go into such an image. In libcdio there are a number of conventions used.

If you understand some of these conventions it may facilitate understanding the code a little. For the most part, the visible external libcdio names follow conventions so as not to be confused with other applications or libraries. If you understand these conventions, there will be little or no chance that the names you use will conflict with libcdio and libiso and vice versa.

An enumeration tag. A structure tag. An integer type of some sort. A variable of this ilk one might find being iterated over in for loops or used as the index of an array for example. A Boolean type of some sort. A variable of this ilk one might find being in an if condition for example. A pointer of some sort. A pointer to a pointer of some sort. There are a some other naming conventions. Thomas Schmitt has made significant contributions to this glossary. Many other programs subsequently support using this format.

CUE file is a text file which contains CD format and track layout information, while the. BIN file holds the actual data of each track. Optical media with capacity of 25 GB as single layer and 50 GB as double layer. See also see "Media models and profiles". Compact Disc. Capacity up to MB.

This commonly referred to as an audio CD and what most people think of when you play a CD as it was the first to use the CD medium. An extension of the CD audio format contains a limited amount of graphics in subcode channels. Compact Disc Interactive. An extension of the CD format designed around a set-top computer that connects to a TV to provide interactive home entertainment, including digital audio and video, video games, and software applications.

CD-i for video and video music has largely if not totally been superseded by VCDs. The data stored on it can be either in the form of audio, computer or video files. The Yellow Book specifies two types of tracks, Mode 1 and Mode 2.

Mode 1 is used for computer data and text and has an extra error correction layer. Mode 2 is for audio and video data and has no extra correction layer. CD Text is a technology developed by Sony Corporation and Philips Electronics in that allows storing in an audio CD and its tracks information such as artist name, title, songwriter, composer, or arranger.

Its specifications were published in an extension to the Yellow Book. CD-XA defines another way of formatting sectors on a CD-ROM, including headers in the sectors that describe the type audio, video, data and some additional info markers, resolution in case of a video or audio sector, file numbers, etc.

Digital Versatile Disc. Capacity up to 4. A method to compensate small amounts of bad spots on media by replacing them out of a pool of reserve blocks and performing address translation. The necessary checkreading slows down write performance by a factor of 2 or 3. Sequential BD-R can be formatted for defect management too. It serves as base for UDF. Integrated Drive Electronics.

It is less expensive than SCSI, but offers slightly less in terms of performance. It serves as base of UDF. There are several specification levels.

In Level 1, file names must be in the 8. Directory names can be no longer than eight characters. There can be no more than eight nested directory levels. Level 2 and 3 specifications allow file names up to 32 characters long.

Level 3 allows data file sizes to be 4 GB or larger. File data content is stored in extents, i. A single extent can hold only up to 2 exp 32 - 1 bytes. So files of 4 GB or larger need more than one extent to be stored. Older operating systems might have trouble with multi-extent files.

Logical Block Addressing. The starting sector is and ending sector is , which correlates directly to MSF: to I think it is supposed to be around 1 min or more sectors in length. For example:. Logical Sector Number.

The starting sector is 0 and ending sector is , which correlates to MSF: to Because it starts at 0 rather than as is the case of an LBA it can be represented as an unsigned value. Media Catalog Number. A identification number on an audio CD. Also called a UPC. Another identification number is ISRC. The are subset of the larger SCSI command set.

See also see SCSI. This document generally has a numeric level number appended. MMC classifies media as models, which describe their logical structure, and as profiles, which describe the capabilities of the drive with the particular media. So both are closely related but not identical.

CD allows special sector formats like audio as well as data sectors of bytes. DVD and Blu-ray only record data sectors. Profiles depend on drive type and media state. They are expressed as numbers. It is unfortunate that formatted CD-RW have the same profile number as unformatted ones. Some writer drives show closed sequential media as ROM profile. Sequentially recordable profiles allow multisession in most cases.

Special burn programs are needed for writing to them. Overwriteable profiles allow random read-write access with a granularity of 2 kB or 32 kB. One can hope for having read-write access via the normal POSIX operations lseek , read , write of the operating system. In particular the first track may contain both computer data Yellow Book CD ROM data while the remaining tracks are audio or video data. The media must not have been closed by the previous write session. They hold a table-of-content with sessions and tracks.

Multisession on these media needs help by the recorded data formats. Multisession can be used to add a changeset to an existing ISO filesystem. Typically the add-on session contains a whole new filesystem tree with old and new files. It also contains the data blocks of the newly introduced or freshly overwritten files. The convention for mounting multisession ISO images is to load the superblock from the start of the first track in the last session as listed in the media table-of-content.

Formatted media are assumed to have a single track starting at block 0. So ISO multisession on formatted media has to overwrite the volume descriptors at block 16 ff. A chain of recognizable sessions can be achieved by starting the first ISO image at block 32 so that its descriptors get not overwritten later. The specification of this format is not to our knowledge published.

Small Computer System Interface. A set of ANSI standard electronic interfaces originally developed at Apple Computer that allow personal computers to communicate with peripheral hardware such as CD-ROM drives, disk drives, printers, etc. Although the original hardware is outdated since years, the SCSI command set nowadays controls most storage devices including all optical disc drives.

These documents generally have a numeric level number appended. A fully readable complete recording that contains one or more tracks of computer data or audio on a CD. An improvement of Video CD 2. Also added was higher video-stream resolution, up to 4 overlay graphics and text OGT sub-channels for user switchable subtitle displaying, closed caption text, and command lists for controlling the SVCD virtual machine.

Compact Disc Table of Contents. The TOC contains a list of sessions and their tracks. For sessions, it records the starting track number and the last track number. For tracks it records starting time block address, size, copy protection, linear audio preemphasis, track format CDDA or data in that order.

Several track properties are fixed to equivalents of CD data. A unit of data of a CD. The size of a track can vary; it can occupy the entire contents of the CD. Overwriteable media have a single logical track, sequential media can have one or more logical tracks which they describe in their TOC. It allows to record long file names and advanced file properties.

Although intended as format for data exchange its main importance is with DVD video players. It is based on the commonly available Compact Disc technology, which allows for low-cost video authoring.

A Win32 function, implemented in all Microsoft Windows. It is used for sending commands to devices using defined codes and structures. The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document free in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.

Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics. The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections.

If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text.

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License.

You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed as many as fit reasonably on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages. If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than , you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.

If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy directly or through your agents or retailers of that edition to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it.

In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:. If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by or through arrangements made by any one entity.

If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

The author s and publisher s of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version. You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.

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